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Construction sites can significantly impact local water bodies primarily through the contribution of excess sediment. During the construction process, soil and other materials may be disturbed and become loose, making them more susceptible to erosion. Rainfall or runoff can transport this sediment into nearby streams, rivers, and lakes, which can disrupt the natural aquatic habitats.

High levels of sediment can cloud the water, reducing light penetration that plants and aquatic organisms need for growth. It can also smother habitats for fish and insects, leading to a decline in biodiversity. Moreover, excess sedimentation can alter the physical structure of aquatic ecosystems, making it difficult for some species to thrive.

The other options do not accurately capture the reality of construction impacts. While construction sites can contribute to improvements in water quality if managed correctly, the primary concern remains the negative impacts associated with increased sedimentation. Option C underestimates the effects of construction by suggesting a negligible impact on sediment levels, which is misleading given the significant disturbances caused during construction. Lastly, while construction may affect natural sedimentation processes, this effect is usually detrimental rather than a reduction in processes over decades; thus, option D does not accurately reflect the immediate and observable impacts of sediment from construction activities.